Agent Boring's ARRB Interview

Boring's Interesting ARRB Interview

By Vince Palamara

With a few notable, albeit largely overlooked exceptions1, Floyd Boring was a relatively new name to the research community when this author wrote a detailed article about this former #2 Assistant-Special-Agent-In-Charge (ASAIC) of the White House Detail (WHD) entitled "Boring Is Interesting" in the May 1995 "Fourth Decade (based off the author's 9/22/93 & 3/4/94 interviews)."2
In October 1995, this author gave a presentation at the 2nd annual Coalition on Political Assassinations conference and wrote a follow-up article entitled "More Boring Details" which appeared in the Nov. 1995 "Fourth Decade". However, it was from the author's COPA appearance that the name of Floyd Boring perked the attention of Tom Samoluk of the Assassination Records Review Board (ARRB)---Samoluk contacted the author, I donated all of my audio tapes and correspondence from all of my Secret Service/ related interviews, and the rest is history.3 Nevertheless, there is a twist: unbeknownst to me until the publication of a recent book4, I had no idea that the ARRB actually followed through with one of my suggestions (although they had followed up on two others 5) and interviewed Mr. Boring...but they did. On September 18, 1996, a mere 2 days after I received the Deed of Gift from the National Archives regarding my donations, Dr. Joan Zimmerman and Doug Horne of the ARRB interviewed Mr.
Boring at his home in Maryland. The interview was even audiotaped with Mr. Boring's consent. The ARRB interview of Floyd Boring is in the ARRB's medical documents and depositions box released in July of 1998. It is MD 259. Actually, it's a summary of the interview not a transcript.

"Who? Me? Why?"

The interview begins with Boring exclaiming "I didn't have anything to do with it, and I don't know anything." Let's replay that again: "I didn't have anything to do with it"---what, the assassination or the Texas trip? "I don't know anything"---he sure knew enough about the Texas trip to tell Chief James Rowley via a written report 6 months after the assassination 6
AND in his 1976 JFK Library Oral History, as well as his two talks with me! Boring also claimed that "he had never spoken with anyone at all in the Secret Service about any aspect of the Kennedy assassination", another statement that is very hard to swallow, especially seeing that Boring founded the Retired Secret Service Agent's Association in 1969.7

Pulling the strings in D.C.

In any event, Horne writes "Contrary to his disclaimer, the interview proved to be worthwhile and interesting in a number of respects." Boring confirmed that he had never been interviewed by the WC, the HSCA, or any other government body in regard to the JFK assassination.8 Boring claimed that he was enjoying a day off at his home on 11/22/63 when he heard the news of the assassination on the radio.9 This ARRB interview provides startling new information, and that is that Floyd Boring confirms that he was in charge of planning the Texas trip. It also sheds light on the totality of Boring's relationship with Texas trip planning, especially questionable security matters.

First, author Jim Bishop revealed this fact in the 1960's in his book "The Day Kennedy Was Shot":

p. 558 [1992 edition] "...(LBJ) called Secret Service Chief James Rowley 'Rufe did a brave thing today,' he said. 'He jumped on me and kept me down. I want you to do whatever you can, the best that can be done, for that boy." He hung up (this was 11/22/63). It had not occurred to him that Rowley, too, was lonely. If there was any blame, any official laxness, it didn't matter that
THE PLANNING OF THE TEXAS TRIP HAD BEEN IN THE CAPABLE HANDS OF FLOYD BORING." (Emphasis added)

And, to the JFK Library in the 1970's:

"Part of my job at the White House during the entire President Kennedy administration was to be in charge of the advance work."

To the Truman Library in the 1980's:

"I was on all the advance work out of there. I was assigned all the advance work, sort of an administrator... I was second in charge [behind Special Agent in Charge Jerry Behn]."

Finally, fellow former agent Sam Kinney (the driver of the follow-up car on 11/22/63):

In regard to SAIC Gerald A. "Jerry" Behn's absence from the Texas trip, leaving ASAIC (#2) Floyd M. Boring to be the agent in charge of the Texas trip, Kinney said: "I'll tell you how that happened. We got, as agents, federal employees, 30 days a year annual leave, but they couldn't let us off...there was only " x " amount of agents back then in the whole country. Jerry Behn probably worked three years without annual leave so he decided to take some time off...Roy Kellerman was third in charge-he's qualified. Floyd Boring stayed home- he could still handle what ever came about from his house; there [was] very little correspondence between the agents in Dallas because Win Lawson had the advance."

Back to the ARRB interview: "Boring independently recalled that he was the person who assigned Winston Lawson as the S.S. advance agent for the Dallas leg of the Texas trip 10, but could not recall why or how "Win" Lawson was given that assignment." So much for Boring's 'disclaimer' "I didn't have anything to do with it, and I don't know anything."

A curious limousine inspection

Boring initially claimed that his activities on 11/22/63 "were limited to going directly from his home to Andrews AFB to meet the (new) President 11---and that he escorted President Johnson on his helicopter from Andrews to the White House, after which he went directly home"; the latter part of this statement, that Boring went directly home, is NOT backed up by the documentary record, nor by Boring's own admitted actions. Horne wrote: "When asked who directed him to go to Andrews AFB, Mr. Boring said that nobody asked him to go there---that he just did it on his own...
In about the middle of the interview, Mr. Boring remembered that he and Mr. [Paul J.] Paterni had inspected the President's limousine and the Secret Service follow-up car, but was unsure whether they had inspected them the night President Johnson returned to Washington (11/22/63), or the next morning (11/23/63)." Actually, Boring and Paterni inspected the limo from 10:10 p.m.
the night of 11/22/63 until 12:01 a.m., one minute into 11/23/63 (the FBI inspected the limo afterwards, starting at 1:00 a.m.).12 Furthermore, "When asked who directed he and Paterni to search the automobiles, he said that no one had; he said he thought it might be a good idea and had suggested it himself to Paterni, and that they undertook this search as independent action on their own initiative." Interestingly, they also beat Chief Rowley and ASAIC Kellerman to the punch, as the record indicates that they had also thought of the idea while at AAFB.13 (Just to be clear, Rowley and Kellerman did not inspect the limousine at all.) Continuing on: "After recalling that they had searched the cars, Mr. Boring said that he had discovered a piece of skull bone with brain attached14 in the rear of the follow-up car (the black Cadillac convertible called the "Queen Mary"), in the footwell just in front of the back seat bench. He said during follow-up questioning that the dimensions of this skull bone-brain fragment were approximately 1" X 2". He said that he never picked it up or touched it himself, but that he simply pointed it out to Mr. Paterni (Mr. Paterni was Deputy Chief of the Secret Service)15 He said he did not write a report about this, and he did not know whether Mr. Paterni had written a report or not."16 What makes Boring's recollections of the limo inspection particularly troublesome is the fact that he "made very clear during the [ARRB] interview that this fragment was in the rear of the follow-up car, not in the rear seat of the presidential limousine.
This would be the only known instance of anyone claiming to have found JFK bone fragments in the Secret Service follow-up car. Initially, ARRB staff members Zimmerman and Horne had misunderstood Mr. Boring to mean that the bone-brain fragment was in the rear seat of the President's limousine, and Mr. Boring took specific pains to correct their misunderstanding during follow-on discussion of this matter. However, Boring called Horne the next day to place a correction (and, thus, a retraction) on the record: he now felt that the skull bone-and-brain fragment he saw "must have been in the back seat of the President's limousine, and not the follow-up car. He said that his stroke may perhaps have had something to do with his error." (Boring had a stroke in the early 90's, 1991-1992ish).
During his inspection of the limousine with Paterni Boring found bullet fragments as well. These bullet fragments were turned over to Orrin Bartlett, the FBI's liaison officer with the Secret Service (3H p. 435). Bartlett turned them over to Robert Frazier in person in the FBI lab. These bullet fragments became CE 567 and CE 569. (See - CD 80; RIF# 180-10001-10041; 2H p. 90
(Kellerman); 5 H p. 67(Frazier); 7 HSCA p. 389;) Boring's stroke may also explain why Boring now has NO recollection of finding any bullet fragments at all in the limousine (only the skull
fragment), and also may explain why he could not remember, one way or the
other, the condition of the limousine's windshield and chrome strip.17

Op-ed about his colleagues

The ARRB interview states, "When shown the HSCA summary of its interview with Miami SAIC John Marshall, specifically Marshall's twice expressed opinion that there may have been a Secret Service conspiracy 18, Mr. Boring expressed surprise at those sentiments and said he had never heard that opinion expressed by SAIC Marshall, a personal friend of his from their previous
association as Pennsylvania State Troopers.
"When shown the HSCA interview summary with Miami field officer SA Ernest Aragon, specifically Aragon's allegations of Secret Service security lapses 19, he said he would not agree with that statement, and expressed the opinion that SA Aragon may not have known what he was talking about.
"Mr. Boring was asked to read and comment on several pages of the HSCA 6/1/77 interview transcript 20 with former graduate student James Gouchenaur, in which Gochenaur recounted a very long conversation he reportedly had with SA Elmer Moore in 1970. Mr. Boring examined the portions of the transcript in which Gouchenaur quoted Moore as saying that Kennedy was a traitor for giving things away to the Russians; that it was a shame people had to die, but maybe it was a good thing; that the Secret Service personnel had to go along with the way the assassination was being investigated ("I did everything I was told, we all did everything we were told, or we'd get our heads cut off"); and that he felt remorse for the way he (Moore) had badgered Dr. Perry into
changing his testimony to the effect that there was not, after all, an entrance wound in the front of the president's neck. Mr. Boring said that it would be just like SA Moore to give such a lengthy interview, but that he doubted very much whether agent Moore had really said those things."
In addition, "Mr. Boring was shown the HSCA interview of SA [George] Hickey, and was asked to read the portion wherein Mr. Hickey stated that Mr. Boring came down to the garage and told him statements were being collected in the White House, and directed (or suggested) that he go and write down his statement.21 His response to this was that he did not remember even seeing SA Hickey in the White House garage, nor did he remember seeing SA Kinney, or any other Secret Service agents, or FBI agents, during the automobile searches [plural]. He did have some vague recollection of White House police being there."22

Security Stripping measure #1
Agents off the limo: a JFK order or an anecdote?

Evidence against Mr. Boring "not have anything to do with it", meaning his involvement in Texas trip planning include his participation, directly and indirectly through subordinates personally selected by him of what can only be called security stripping measures. The first of which involves removing agents from the rear of the limousine.
"Mr. Boring was asked to read pages 136-137 of Clint Hill's Warren Commission testimony [Vol. 2], in which Clint Hill recounted that Floyd Boring had told him just days prior to the assassination that during the President's Tampa trip on Monday, 11/18/63, JFK had requested that agents not ride on the rear steps of the limousine, and that Boring had also so informed other agents of the White House detail, and that as a result, agents in Dallas (except Clint Hill, on brief occasions) did not ride on the rear steps of the limousine.

MR BORING AFFIRMED THAT HE DID MAKE THESE STATEMENTS TO CLINT HILL, BUT STATED THAT HE WAS NOT RELAYING A POLICY CHANGE, BUT RATHER SIMPLY TELLING AN ANECDOTE ABOUT THE PRESIDENT'S KINDNESS AND CONSIDERATION IN TAMPA IN NOT WANTING AGENTS TO HAVE TO RIDE ON THE REAR OF THE LINCOLN LIMOUSINE WHEN IT WAS NOT NECESSARY TO DO SO BECAUSE OF A LACK OF CROWDS ALONG THE STREET." (Emphasis added).

I find this admission startling, especially because the one agent who decided to ride on the rear of the limousine in Dallas anyway---and on at least 4 different occasions--- was none other than CLINT HILL himself! This also does not address what the agents were to do when the crowds were heavier, or even what exactly constituted a "crowd", as AGENTS DID RIDE ON THE REAR STEPS OF THE LIMOUSINE IN TAMPA ON NOVEMBER 18, 1963 ANYWAY (agents Donald J. Lawton, Andrew E. Berger, & Charles T. Zboril, to be exact)23!

Furthermore, Clint Hill's written report (as well as his testimony) sure conveys a more strict approach than one stemming from an alleged, kind anecdote; in fact, Hill twice stated he DID NOT RECALL who the agent was who told him, and the other agents, not to ride on the rear of the limousine:
"I, Special Agent Clinton J. Hill, never personally was requested by President John F. Kennedy not to ride on the rear of the Presidential automobile. I DID RECEIVE INFORMATION PASSED VERBALLY FROM THE ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICES OF THE WHITE HOUSE DETAIL OF THE SECRET SERVICE TO AGENTS ASSIGNED TO THAT DETAIL THAT PRESIDENT KENNEDY HAD MADE SUCH REQUESTS. I DO NOT KNOW FROM WHOM I RECEIVED THIS INFORMATION. It was general knowledge on the White House Detail, however, that President Kennedy has asked Special Agent in Charge Gerald A. Behn, not to have Special Agents ride on the rear of the Presidential automobile [Behn denied to me that President Kennedy made such a request. Films and photos- from 1963 appear to confirm Behn's story that JFK never made such a request]. NO WRITTEN INSTRUCTIONS REGARDING THIS WERE EVER DISTRIBUTED.
Hill continues, "I was informed that on November 18, 1963, in Tampa, Florida, President Kennedy had requested through Assistant Special Agent in Charge Floyd M. Boring that Special Agents remove themselves from the rear of the Presidential automobile. I WAS NOT ON THIS SPECIFIC TRIP WITH THE WHITE HOUSE DETAIL AND RECEIVED THIS INFORMATION AFTER THE PRESIDENT'S RETURN TO WASHINGTON, D.C. THIS WOULD HAVE BEEN BETWEEN NOVEMBER 19, 1963, AND NOVEMBER 21, 1963 [NOTE TIME FRAME!]. I DO NOT KNOW SPECIFICALLY WHO ADVISED ME OF THIS REQUEST BY THE PRESIDENT.

So, what do we have exactly? Something allegedly happens on the Tampa trip, or is attributed to the Tampa trip after the fact by Boring. Yet, no one on the trip actually left the bumper or recalls being told to leave and stay off the bumper per a presidential request. The Secret Service agents to whom this order would apply to deny this happened. This story does exist though, and spreads through word of mouth, by Boring to agents who were not involved in the Tampa trip such as Clint Hill to whom it is stated as a new policy to be implemented on the next trip, which would be Texas.
Look at what Hill writes "I DID RECEIVE INFORMATION PASSED VERBALLY FROM THE ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICES OF THE WHITE HOUSE DETAIL OF THE SECRET SERVICE TO AGENTS ASSIGNED TO THAT DETAIL THAT PRESIDENT KENNEDY HAD MADE SUCH REQUESTS.
Well, who's in this administrative office of the Secret Service's White House Detail? Boring. The "general knowledge" Hill speaks of would more appropriately be coming from Boring, not Behn. Behn denied it outright. Boring was on the Tampa trip from which this information is allegedly coming from.
Boring's non-denial denial, that it was only an anecdote denoting the kindness of JFK is refuted by Boring himself when Manchester pens the tale. Floyd Boring categorically denied what William Manchester reports on pp. 37-38 of his book [1988 edition]: "Kennedy grew weary of seeing bodyguards roosting behind him every time he turned around, and in Tampa on November 18 [1963], just four days before his death, he dryly asked Agent Floyd Boring to 'keep those Ivy League charlatans off the back of the car.' Boring wasn't offended. There had been no animosity in the remark."
Boring told me "I never told him that". As far as the merit of the quote, Boring told me: "No, no, no-that's not true." When asked, point blank, if JFK had ever ordered the agents off the rear of the limousine, including in Tampa on 11/18/63, Boring told me "Well, that's not true. That's not true. He was a very nice man; he never interfered with us at all."

In regard to Tampa, Floyd said "He actually- No, I told them...He didn't tell them anything...He just- I looked at the back of the car and I seen these fellahs (Zboril and Lawton) were hanging on the limousine- I told them to return to the (follow-up) car. He (JFK) was a very easy-going guy; he didn't interfere with our actions at all".
Boring confirmed what he had previously told me on 9/22/93 and 3/4/94 when he wrote that "President Kennedy was a very congenial man knowing most agents by their first name. He was very cooperative with the Secret Service, and well liked and admired by all of us.[letter received 11/22/97]"
So, Boring would have you believe it was just routine, as agents would sometimes hop back and forth from the rear of the limousine to the Secret Service follow up car. However, again Boring does not really deny the story as much as he puts a spin on it. All Boring said was he did not speak with Manchester. The tenor and tone of the story are essentially the same. We cannot check if Boring did speak with Manchester as Manchester's materials are withheld from the public.
So, while it is indeed being spread, as policy, Boring can say afterwards it was only a harmless retelling of an anecdote. And he can deny it by saying he never spoke with Manchester. However, Boring is the only one who admits to any truth to the story, and the only one not to totally deny it. Remember, Boring is admitting it came from him, and not JFK. Everyone else totally denies it, it never came from JFK, not even as an anecdotal story. Boring's story, whether actual or not, whether anecdotal or not somehow grows after the Tampa trip into policy. This verbal story is used as policy, though never written down, for the preparation for the Texas trip, something which had never occurred before.
Oddly, if this is new policy, it goes into practice only in Dallas. Clint Hill does recall hearing it, as policy, though he can't recall from whom he heard it according to his written report. However, he named none other than Floyd Boring as THE source during his Warren Commission testimony mentioned above" or words to that effect. [It's important to note that Hill was twice coy about naming his source in his WRITTEN statement, yet named the source---Boring---under oath to Arlen Specter of the WC]. Hill does disobey it 4 times but that does not necessarily mean the policy did not exist. He may have felt he should be obeying it as he does not stay on the rear bumper for any appreciable length of time. And the other agents do stay on the follow up car.
Interestingly, in viewing slow motion video footage of the Love Field departure [WFAA/ABC TV video], one can see agent Henry J. Rybka [25H787] attempt to get on the back of the limousine only to be recalled by none other than Emory P. Roberts, who rises in his seat in the follow-up car and hand- gestures Rybka to cease and desist. Giving Roberts the benefit of the doubt, it appears that Borings' orders to not have any agents ride on the back of the limousine were well taken.
After the assassination there are reports that JFK had previously made such requests prior to the Tampa trip. Yet, photos from these trips prove these statements to be false, as well as the lack of any record or document to that effect.

The truth - JFK never ordered Secret Service agents off the limo

Gerald A. Behn, SAIC of WHD "I don't remember Kennedy ever saying that he didn't want anybody on the back of his car. I think if you watch the newsreel pictures and whatnot [sic] you'll find agents on there from time to time". As just one of many examples, Behn cited the June 1963 trip to Berlin (There are many others.)24;
Arthur L. Godfrey, ATSAIC of WHD: "That's a bunch of baloney; that's not true. He never ordered us to do anything. He was a very nice man...cooperative". Asked if whether Aide Ken O'Donnell did any similar ordering, Godfrey said emphatically "he did not order anyone around". As just one example, Godfrey was on the Italy trip and agents frequently rode on the rear of the limousine- one of the agents was none other than Winston G. Lawson 25. In a letter dated 11/24/97, Godfrey stated the following: "All I can speak for is myself. When I was working [with] President Kennedy he never ask[ed] me to have my shift leave the limo when we [were] working it," thus confirming what he had also told me telephonically on two prior occasions;

David F. Powers: " Unless they [the Secret Service] were 'running' along beside the limo, the Secret Service rode in a car behind the President, so, no, they never had to be told to 'get off' the limo."26

Samuel A. Kinney, WHD: "That is absolutely, positively false...no, no, no, he had nothing to do with that (ordering agents off the rear of the limo)...No, never-the agents say, 'O.K., men, fall back on your posts'...President Kennedy was one of the easiest presidents to ever protect;
Harry S. Truman was a jewel just like John F. Kennedy was...99% of the agents would agree...(JFK) was one of the best presidents ever to control-he trusted every one of us".
In regard to the infamous quote from William Manchester, Kinney said, "That is false. I talked to William Manchester; he called me on the book [sic]...for the record of history that is false - Kennedy never ordered us to do anything. I am aware of what is being said but that is false".
Finally, just to nail down this issue, I asked Kinney if an exception was made on 11/22/63: "Not this particular time, no. Not in this case". Kinney also told me that JFK had nothing to do with the limiting of motorcycles during motorcades, and that Ken O'Donnell did not interfere with the agents, "Nobody ordered anyone around"27;

Robert E. Lilley, WHD: "Oh, I'm sure he didn't. He was very cooperative with us once he became President. He was extremely cooperative. Basically, 'whatever you guys want is the way it will be'."
Lilley also refuted the Manchester account, adding that on a trip with JFK in Caracas, Venezuela, he and "Roy Kellerman rode on the back of the limousine all the way to the Presidential palace" at speeds reaching "50 miles per hour" (with the bubble-top on [which Lilley believed "might deflect a bullet."])28;

Donald J. Lawton: When I told Lawton what fellow agent Kinney told me, that JFK never ordered the agents off the rear of the limousine, he said "It's the way Sam said, yes". (Meaning he agrees with Kinney, it happened the way Kinney said.)
Asked to explain how he dismounted the rear of the limousine in Tampa, he said, " I didn't hear the President say it, no. The word was relayed to us- you know, 'come back to the follow-up car'".
According to Lawton, JFK was "very personable...very warm".
Asked about the tragedy in Dallas, Lawton said, "everyone felt bad. It was our job to protect the President. You still have regrets, remorse. Who knows, IF THEY HAD LEFT GUYS ON THE BACK OF THE CAR...you can hindsight yourself to death" (emphasis added).
And, from his letter to the author dated 11/22/97: "Since I am currently employed by the Secret Service I do not believe it appropriate that I comment on former or current protectees of the Service. If you spoke with Bob Lilley as you stated then you can take whatever information he passed on to you as gospel.29;

Robert I. Bouck, SAIC of PRS: confirmed that having agents on the back of the limousine depended on factors independent of any alleged presidential "requests"30;

Rufus W. Youngblood, ASAIC of LBJ Detail: Youngblood confirmed that "there was not a standing order" from JFK to restrict agents from the back of the limousine - the agents had "assigned posts and positions" on the back of the President's car. On 2/8/94, Youngblood added: "President Kennedy wasn't a hard ass...he never said anything like that. As a historian, he (Manchester) flunked the course---don't read Manchester! 31";

Abraham W. Bolden, Sr., WHD/ Chicago office: In reference to Kennedy's alleged "requests", Mr. Bolden told the author that he "didn't hear anything about that...I never believed that Kennedy said that" 32

John Norris, Uniformed Division of the Secret Service: Norris also joined his colleagues in refuting the notion that JFK ordered the agents off the rear of the limo 33;

Maurice G. Martineau, SAIC of Chicago office: Martineau joined his colleagues in refuting the Manchester story that JFK ordered the agents off the rear of the car.34 Martineau said this to me in two telephonic interviews.

Cecil Stoughton, WH photographer: "I did see a lot of the activity surrounding the various trips of the President, and in many cases I did see the agents in question riding on the rear of the President's car. In fact, I have ridden there a number of times myself during trips...I would jump on the step on the rear of the [Lincoln] Continental until the next stop. I have made photos while hanging on with one hand...in Tampa [11/18/63], for example. As for the [alleged] edict of not riding there by order of the President- I can't give you any proof of first hand knowledge."
Stoughton went on to write: "I am bothered by your interest in these matters"(!).
In a later letter, Stoughton merely corroborated his prior written statements: "I would just jump on and off [the limo] quickly- no routine, and Jackie had no further remarks to me."35;
It should be explained that according to Stoughton's book [see footnote 35], Jackie had told him to stay close to the limo in July 1963, and he did up to and including the Tampa trip of 11/18/63 AND the Houston, TX trip of 11/21/63 (there are photos that Stoughton made from the follow-up car that day, as well). Then, for some unknown reason, Stoughton was relegated to a
position further away from JFK.

Martin E. Underwood, DNC advance man: The advance man confirmed to this author that JFK did not restrict agents from riding on the Presidential limousine (He could not believe that Mr. Behn wrote his report with JFK's alleged "desires", citing Clint Hill's actions on 11/22/63 as just one of "many times" that agents were posted on the back of the JFK limousine)36;
Press Secretary Pierre Salinger: JFK had a good relationship with the Secret Service and, more importantly, did NOT argue with their security measures.37

Jerry D. Kivett, WHD: "[JFK] was beloved by those agents on the detail and I never heard anyone say that he was difficult to protect."38;

June Kellerman, the widow of Roy H. Kellerman, ASAIC WHD: "Roy did not say that JFK was difficult to protect."39;

Jean Brownell Behn, widow of the late Gerald A. Behn, SAIC WHD (see above): Jerry did not like William Manchester's book "The Death of a President" and confirmed that she also did not believe that JFK had ever conveyed to Jerry the idea of having the agents not ride on the rear of the
limousine. In a follow-up letter she stated that "The only thing I can tell you is that Jerry always said 'Don't believe anything you hear and only half of what you read'40;

Chief James J. Rowley: "No President will tell the Secret Service what they can or cannot do."41

Charles T. Zboril, WHD, Lawton's partner on the rear of the limo in Tampa on 11/18/63 was the only agent I spoke to who did not give me a straight answer, one way or the other, : "Well, Don Lawton and I are just sub-notes [sic] because somebody else testified in behalf of us about what happened in Tampa"- this was Clint Hill, testifying to Arlen Specter about why agents were
not on the rear of the car during the assassination.
When I asked him if it was true that JFK had really ordered the agents off the limousine four days before Dallas, which I already knew not to be true, Zboril got emotional: "WHERE DID YOU READ THAT? I...If-if you read it in the Warren Report, that's what happened...DO YOU WANT ME COMMENTING OFFICIALLY? I'm speaking to someone I don't know... I gave you more than I would give someone else". Zboril then gave me his address and requested that I send him anything on this matter and he promised to respond to me...he never did.

Jim Bishop sums up the situation best: "no one wanted to weigh the possibilities that, IF A SECRET SERVICE MAN HAD BEEN ON THE LEFT [OR RIGHT] REAR BUMPER GOING DOWN ELM STREET, it would have been difficult to hit
President Kennedy (emphasis added) 42"

FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover to President Lyndon B. Johnson, 1:40 p.m., 11/29/63: "You see, there was no Secret Service man standing on the back of the car. Usually the presidential car in the past has had steps on the back, next to the bumpers, and there's usually been one [agent] on either side standing on these steps...[ellipsis in text]...Whether the President asked that that not be done, we don't know."43

In a letter dated 4/3/64, WC general counsel J. Lee Rankin had written to Secret Service Chief James J. Rowley "requesting further information concerning expressions by President Kennedy regarding the placement of Secret Service agents on or near the car during the motorcade", obviously meaning THE motorcade of 11/22/63.44 Since JFK was conveniently dead and there was nothing in the record to indicate that Kennedy had said anything that morning, Rowley
mailed back five reports on 4/22/64 to try to "satisfy" the WC, who obviously were not satisfied by the testimonies of Greer, Kellerman, Hill, or Youngblood on March 9, 1964. 45
These five reports- by agents Boring[dated 4/8/64]46, Roberts [dated 4/10/64]47, Ready [dated 4/11/64]48, Behn [dated 4/16/64]49 and Hill [undated]50- make much of JFK's alleged comments to agent Boring on 11/18/63 about getting the agents who were riding on the rear of the limo the hell off of there, as well as "general common knowledge" that this had happened before, even before the Tampa motorcade. However, as I uncovered during the interviews for my manuscript, and which has been demonstrated so far, this was totally fabricated.51 Each and every one of these reports is a lie, or used for a lie.
Boring already dodgey on Tampa, flat out lies about JFK's trip to Italy. The ARRB's Doug Horne writes: "Mr. Boring remembered preparing his written statement, and verified that the copy shown to him was indeed his statement. "Although primarily about the 11/18/63 Tampa trip, Boring also mentions another time---the July 1963 Italy trip---where JFK had also made an alleged request to not have the agents ride on the rear of the limousine."
However, as with the Tampa trip, agents DID ride on the rear of the limousine, as recently discovered film from the JFK Library, obtained through my efforts, ("JFK's Trip to Italy, 7/2/63", courtesy of Jim Cedrone/ JFK Library. This footage was shown at COPA 1996).
Also, compare Boring's statement here with Arthur L. Godfrey, ATSAIC of WHD statements on the Italy trip above.
Roberts' report is merely a confirmation of hearing BORING over the radio in the Tampa motorcade telling the agents to get off the rear of the limousine-it says nothing of JFK's alleged "desires".
Now deceased, Roberts was the commander of the 7 other agents who rode in the follow-up car with him in Dallas. Roberts had, according to the driver of the follow-up car, Samuel A. Kinney, ORDERED THE AGENTS NOT TO MOVE AFTER THE FIRST SHOT SOUNDED (author's interviews with Sam Kinney, 3/5/94 and 4/15/94)! Roberts had recognized the first shot as a RIFLE blast (18H p.734-735), yet recalled agent John D. "Jack" Ready who had begun to move in JFK's direction. Ready was the agent who was ASSIGNED to JFK's side of the limousine (as Clint Hill was assigned to Jackie's side[18H749-750]).
Roberts came to Ready's rescue in another report: "SA Ready would have done the same thing (as Agent Hill did) if motorcycle was not at President's corner of car"(!) [18 H 738]---- Strange, but this posed no problem at all for Agent Don Lawton on November 18, 1963, in Tampa (but unfortunately, like Rybka, Lawton was left at Love Field and was not in the motorcade detail).
This begs the question, were Rybka and Lawton the two agents who were supposed to have rode the rear of the limousine?
Ready mentions the 11/18/63 Florida trip in his report but HE WASN'T EVEN THERE! "Although I was not in Tampa, Florida, Monday, November 18, 1963, it was known to me that President Kennedy requested, through Assistant Special Agent in Charge Floyd M. Boring, that two agents be removed from the rear steps of the presidential vehicle during a motorcade in that city." (emphasis
added)
There is reason to believe Behn did not even write his report as it has a STAMPED (stamp pad) signature (similar to other reports contained in the WC volumes and elsewhere; not hand-written). When one considers the fact that a subordinate agent from the Miami office, SA Robert Jamison, signed a vital Secret Service document as if he were the SAIC (in this case,John Marshall),
the possibility that someone else merely stamped this type-written report with Behn's stamp pad signature is certainly not above the realm of possibility. (Behn's office was shared with ASAIC's Kellerman and Boring).
And Hill's report is undated.
Behn's, Boring's, and Hill's are not even on any Secret Service or Treasury Dept. stationary, just blank sheets of paper.
All are supposedly evidence of JFK expressing his desire to keep Secret Service agents off the limousine in Tampa and previous to Tampa.
And, again, THERE IS NOTHING ABOUT WHAT JFK SAID OR "REQUESTED" ON
NOVEMBER 22, 1963, THE CRITICAL DAY IN QUESTION!

Security Stripping Measure #2
Noisy motorcycles reduced and placed rearward for conversational purposes?

The ARRB interview of Boring goes on to say, "When asked whether the Secret Service had any standard procedures regarding size and placement of motorcycle escort for the President's limousine in motorcades, Boring said to the ARRB that there was no standard protocol for this, since local resources were different from site to site. He then stated that the Secret Service would
place motorcycles wherever the local authorities would want them, and that the Secret Service would not try to tell local law enforcement authorities where to place motorcycles around the limousine---he said that if the Secret Service had tried to do such a thing, that the local authorities would not have listened anyway. He said that in regard to matters like this, local authorities wouldn't take orders from the Secret Service, but instead had to be coaxed. He also stated that placing motorcycles alongside the limousine would not have been a good idea, since they were so noisy that the President would not have been able to have a conversation with the car's occupants."

Now, for the real story:

On November 20th, with no secret service men present, it was agreed that eighteen motorcycles would be used, some positioned along side the limousine (similar to the plan used in the prior Texas cities of San Antonio, Houston, and Fort Worth).
There was another meeting on November 21, 1963 in which those plans were changed.51
Captain Perdue Lawrence of the Dallas Police testified to the Warren Commission that 2 days before the assassination he met with Chief Lunday and Chief Batchelor and discussed the motorcycle plans for the motorcade. "I was told that there would be these lead motorcycle officers, and that we would also have these other officers alongside the President's car and the Vice President's car, and some of the others that would be in the motorcade, and approximately how many officers would be needed for the escort, and at that time I had prepared a list of 18 solo motorcycle officers, this included three solo sergeants.
"I was also instructed that about this motorcade--that when it reached Stemmons Expressway, Chief Batchelor told me that he wanted a solo motorcycle officer in each traffic lane, each of the five traffic lanes waiting for the motorcade, so that no vehicles, on Stemmons Expressway would pass the motorcade at all and he wanted these solo motorcycle officers to pull away from the escort and get up there on Stemmons Freeway and block the traffic, and some of these officers, he stated, would pull past the Presidential car." Then on November 21, 1963, a change occurs. "This was the first time that I had attended any security meeting at all in regards to this motorcade.
At approximately 5 p.m. I was told to report to the conference room on the third floor, and when I arrived at the conference room the deputy chiefs were in there, there were members of the Secret Service--Mr. Sorrels, Captain Gannaway, Captain Souter of radio patrol, and Capt. Glen King, deputy chiefs, assistant chiefs, and Chief Curry, and one gentleman, who I assume was in
charge of the security for the Secret Service. This was the first time I had attended any conferences in regard to the security of this escort, and I listened in on most of the discussion and I heard one of the Secret Service men say that President Kennedy did not desire any motorcycle officer directly
on each side of him, between him and the crowd, but he would want the officers to the rear. This conversation I overheard as Chief Batchelor was using a blackboard showing how he planned to handle this--how plans had been made to cover the escort."52
Remember, according to Boring, "the Secret Service would not try to tell local law enforcement authorities where to place motorcycles around the limousine-"
Secret Service Agent David Grant, who would have known of Kennedy's alleged "desires" via Boring (Grant was an advance man for the Florida and Dallas trips), attended this meeting, along with fellow advance man Win Lawson (who received his assignment from Boring). 53
DPD Captain Perdue Lawrence testified that the Secret Service told them to stay to the rear on the evening of 11/21/63.54
DPD Asst. Chief Charles Batchelor wrote in his report that "[DPD Captain Perdue]Lawrence then said there would be four (4) motorcycles on either side of the motorcade immediately to the rear of the President's vehicle [as borne out by his 11/21/63 report]. MR. LAWSON Of THE SECRET SERVICE STATED THAT THIS WAS TOO MANY, that HE thought two (2) motorcycles on either side would be sufficient, about even with the rear fender of the President's car. (emphasis added)"55
DPD Captain Perdue Lawrence's report regarding motorcycle distribution DATED NOVEMBER 21, 1963, the day before the assassination [handwritten comments from 7/24/64]stated "In addition to DPD motorcycles officers B.W. Hargis and B.J. Martin, H.B. MCLAIN56 AND J.W. COURSON WERE SLATED TO RIDE ON THE LEFT SIDE OF JFK'S LIMOUSINE. Also, in addition to DPD motorcycle officers D.L. Jackson and J. Chaney, C.A. HAYGOOD AND M.L. BAKER WERE SLATED TO RIDE ON THE RIGHT SIDE OF JFK'S LIMOUSINE! 57
If that weren't enough, both DPD motorcycle officer's M.L. Baker and B.J. Martin testified to the Warren Commission (and stated in private interviews) that there was a last-minute change made at Love Field: they were told to STAY TO THE REAR OF THE LIMOUSINE.
Marion Baker told the Commission that he was told on November 22, 1963 at about 8:00 a.m., "My partner and I, we received instructions to ride right beside the President's car." However, when he got to Love Field "When we got to the airport, our sergeant instructed me that there wouldn't be anybody riding beside the President's car."58 Baker was advised of this 5 or 10
minutes before the motorcade left the airport.
Martin told the Commission, "They [plural = Secret Service]instructed us that they didn't want anyone riding past the President's car and that we were to ride to the rear, to the rear of his car, about the rear bumper." 59
Martin told Jean Hill, ".they told us out at Love Field right after Kennedy's plane landed...Well, while Kennedy was busy shaking hands with all the wellwishers at the airport, Johnson's Secret Service people came over to the motorcycle cops and gave us a bunch of instructions...They also ordered us into the damndest escort formation I've ever seen. Ordinarily, you bracket the car with four motorcycles, one on each fender. But this time, they told the
four of us [Martin, Hargis, Chaney, & Jackson] assigned to the President's car there'd be no forward escorts. We were to stay well to the back and not let ourselves get ahead of the car's rear wheels under any circumstances. I'd never heard of a formation like that, much less ridden in one, but they said they wanted to let the crowds have an unrestricted view of the president.
Well, I guess somebody got an 'unrestricted view' of him, all right."60
Oddly, when these gentlemen were interviewed by the HSCA the story changes to it was JFK who wanted no motorcycles alongside the car, and not the Secret Service.61 One wonders whether they changed their stories, or if they had their stories changed for them by the HSCA. We now know the HSCA lied about the Bethesda witnesses supposedly all agreeing as to the nature of JFK's head wound. It would not be a stretch of the imagination if it turns out the HSCA lied by changing what Baker and Martin had to say about no motorcycle placement alongside the presidential limousine.

DPD Chief Curry testified to the WC62 about the matter---included in the
actual transcript is a bizarre error involving a clumsy edit (in italics):

Mr. Curry. In the planning of this motorcade, we had had more motorcycles
lined up to be with the President's car, but the Secret Service didn't want
that many.

Mr. Rankin. Did they tell you why?

Mr. Curry. We actually had two on each side but we wanted four on each
side and they asked us to drop out some of them and back down the motorcade,
along the motorcade, which we did.

Mr. Rankin. How many motorcycles did you have?

Mr. Curry. I think we had four on each side of him.

Mr. Rankin. How many did you want to have?

Mr. Curry. We actually had two on each side side but we wanted four on
each side and they asked us to drop out some of them and back down the
motorcade, along the motorcade, which we did.

Mr. Rankin. So that you in fact only had two on each side of his car?

Mr. Curry. Two on each side and they asked them to remain at the rear
fender so if the crowd moved in on him they could move in to protect him from
the crowd.

Mr. Rankin. Who asked him to stay at the rear fender?

Mr. Curry. I believe Mr. Lawson.

Mr. Rankin. The Secret Service man?

Mr. Curry. Yes, sir.

And what did Secret Service agent Winston G. Lawson have to say about
this, IN REGARD TO NOVEMBER 22, 1963? DULLES: "...do you recall that any
orders were given by or on behalf of the President with regard to the location
of those motorcycles that were particularly attached to his car?'

LAWSON: "NOT SPECIFICALLY AT THIS INSTANCE ORDERS FROM HIM."

[emphasis added---Lawson would go on to say "it was my understanding that he
did not like a lot of motorcycles surrounding the car", something not borne
out by very recent prior motorcades from 11/18-11/22/63]63

The HSCA summed up the situation best:

"The Secret Service's alteration of the original Dallas Police Department
motorcycle deployment plan prevented the use of maximum possible security
precautions...Surprisingly, the security measure used in the prior motorcades
during the same Texas visit (11/21/63) shows that the deployment of
motorcycles in Dallas by the Secret Service may have been uniquely
insecure...The Secret Service knew more than a day before November 22 that the
President did not want motorcycles riding alongside or parallel to the
Presidential vehicle...(emphasis added)"64

And, as regards the Dallas Police, in keeping with all prior motorcades in
1963, DPD Captain Glen King stated that the Secret Service was primarily
responsible for the President's security, while the role of the DPD was a
supportive one.65

Security Stripping #3
Press & Photographers out of the picture (literally):

DMN reporter Tom Dillard---"We lost our position at the airport. I
understood we were to have been quite a bit closer. We were assigned as the
prime photographic car which, as you probably know, NORMALLY A TRUCK PRECEDES
THE PRESIDENT ON THESE THINGS [MOTORCADES] AND CERTAIN REPRESENTATIVES OF THE
PHOTOGRAPHIC PRESS RIDE WITH THE TRUCK. In this case, as you know, we didn't
have any and this car that I was in was to take photographs which was of spot-
news nature." [Emphasis added].66

Dillard forcefully said the same thing on C-Span on 11/20/93 telling the
TV audience that the flatbed truck was "canceled at the last minute" and they
were put in Chevrolet convertibles "which totally put us out of the picture."
[all previous trips, inc. Florida, has press/photographers very close in front
and behind JFK's limousine, inc. WH photographer Cecil Stoughton, who rode in
the SS follow-up car from July 1963 until 11/21/63.]67

Henry Burroughs, AP photographer (rode in Camera Car #2)---"I was a
member of the White House pool aboard Air Force One when we arrived with JFK
in Dallas on that fateful day. We, the pool, were dismayed to find our pool
car shoved back to about #11 position in the motorcade. We protested, but it
was too late." 68

Cecil Stoughton, WH photographer (rode in Camer Car #2)--- "I did see a
lot of the activity surrounding the various trips of the President, and in
many cases I did see the agents in question riding on the rear of the
President's car. In fact, I have ridden there a number of times myself during
trips...I would jump on the step on the rear of the [Lincoln] Continental
until the next stop. I have made photos while hanging on with one hand...in
Tampa [11/18/63], for example...I would just jump on and off [the limo]
quickly- no routine,..."69

Security Stripping #4
Will Fritz's men out of the motorcade:

Seth Kantor's notes----"Will Fritz's men called off night before by SS.
Had planned to ride closed car w/ machine guns in car behind Pres." [which
could mean someplace behind JFK's car, as was the case in Chicago, IL, on 3/23/63 and in
New York on 11/15/63]70

Security Stripping #5
Other vehicle shuffling:

Milton Wright, Texas Highway Patrolman (driver of Mayor Cabell's car)---
"As I recall, prior to the President arriving at the airport we were already
staged on the tarmac. I do not recall what position I was in at that time but
it was not #1[the number taped to his car's windshield]. At the last minute
there was a lot of shuffling and I ended up in the 5th vehicle. My vehicle was
the last to leave downtown after the shooting because the police set up a road
block behind my car."71
Secret Service Agent Roger Warner stated in his report that, while at
Love Field during the forming of the motorcade, "I undertook duties to aid SA
Lawson...in lining up cars for the motorcade, passing out numbers for the
automobiles, and other general duties..."72
During an interview conducted on 9/27/92, Lawson confirmed his handling
of the automobile numbers and identification pins in Dallas on 11/22/63.
When we consider that a number of the vehicles - including the
Presidential limousine - were out of their original, numerical order, the
trail of suspicion leads to these two men.73 Lawson was in charge of the "car
numbers for the windows" at Love Field. 74
There was even more security stripping attributed to the Secret Service.
The Secret Service "prevented the Dallas Police Department from inserting into
the motorcade, behind the Vice-Presidential car, a Dallas Police Department
squad car containing homicide detectives. Agent Lawson didn't know who
canceled the Dallas Police Department car...

Security Stripping #6
(Personnel shuffling: an addition, and subtracting people from where they
normally would be)

General Godfrey McHugh (rode in VIP car)--- was asked to sit in a car
farther back in the motorcade, rather than "normally, what I would do between
the driver and Secret Service agent in charge of trip"- he admitted this was
"unusual";75 "Ordinarily McHugh rode in the Presidential limousine in the
front seat. This was the first time he was instructed not to ride in the car
so that all attention would be focused on the President to accentuate full
exposure."76

Lt. Col. George Whitmeyer (rode in pilot car)--- "Mr. Lawson acknowledged
that Lt. Col. George Whitmeyer, who was part of the Dallas District U.S. Army
Command, who Lawson said "taught Army Intelligence" and who rode in the pilot
car, "wasn't scheduled" to be in the motorcade. [as 17 H 615, Lawson's
scheduled motorcade list, bears out]. Mr. Lawson denied that the presence of
Col. Whitmeyer had anything to do with Lawson's prior service in the CIC, Army
Counter Intelligence Corps."77; "My father passed away in 1978 and therefore
the answers to your questions are somewhat based on personal recollection of
his information given to me. In regards to your first question, my father was
invited by Col. George Lumpkin (ret.) (deceased) to ride in the point [sic]
car of the motorcade. He was not a scheduled participant. I think that Col.
Lumpkin was with the Dallas Police Department at the time."78

Security Stripping #7
Motorcade route: largely kept secret, even from the Dallas police. Changes
made to it.

DPD Chief Jesse Curry---testified that he was not even consulted about
the motorcade route!79; learned of the route 11/21/63 via agents' Win Lawson
and Forrest Sorrels.80

DPD Asst. Chief Charles Batchelor---"From an administrative standpoint,
(DPD's Charles) Batchelor believed that the failure of the Secret Service to
inform the police adequately in advance of the exact route to be taken by the
president prevented them from adequately organizing their men and taking the
necessary security precautions."81

DPD Sergeant Samuel Q. Bellah, one of the three advance motorcycle
officers in the motorcade---"On the night before his assignment, Bellah
reviewed the planned route with his captain. The route was not the original
one that was to go straight through Dealey Plaza, but a revised route. The
original plan would have skirted the Texas Book Depository building by a
block, but the altered plan turned to pass directly in front of the
building."82

DPD motorcycle officer Bobby Joe Dale--- "Two or three days prior to the President's visit we'd ridden with the Secret Service checking to see where the turns and problem areas might be. We had three possible
routes, but we didn't know which one we were going to take, and we were not briefed on it. But
by riding during the week, I kept hearing the phrase "escape routes," which dawned on me
later that should something happen to any part of the motorcade we had an escape route to either
Baylor or Parkland Hospitals...Once we were assembled and the President was ready to go, we
started the motorcade by going out a gate at the far end. At that time, we didn't know which
route we were taking; we had three: right, straight, or left. As we were leaving, the word came
over the radio that we would use the particular route that went left. ["No More Silence" by Larry Sneed (1998), pp. 132-133]"

Governor John Connally---stated that he was never informed about the
exact route to be used on the day of the assassination 83

DNC advance man Marty Underwood told Harrison Livingstone: "There were so many things that fell through in Dallas. Any advance man who had any sense at all would never have taken him down that route." When Livingstone commented that the route was changed, Underwood added: "YEAH, I KNOW. You don't take a guy down a route like that."("High Treason 2", by Harry Livingstone, page 442: emphasis added)

SAIC Jerry Behn---(regarding his unpublished, executive session testimony
before the HSCA) Behn told the author that he was asked two things: first,
the details about the Florida trip of November 18, 1963; second, why the
motorcade route was changed for the Dallas trip! When the author inquired
about the second point since it is another crucial matter of security, Behn
responded: "I know it was changed but why - I've forgotten completely - I
don't know."84

Security Stripping #8
Overpass not cleared/ protected properly:

Winston G. Lawson----"I recall thinking we were coming to an overpass
now, so I glanced up to see if it was clear, the way most of them had been,THE
WAY ALL OF THEM HAD BEEN UP UNTIL THAT TIME ON THE WAY DOWNTOWN, AND IT WAS
NOT...And I was looking for the officer WHO SHOULD HAVE BEEN THERE, HAD BEEN
REQUESTED TO BE THERE...and I made a kind of motion through the windshield
trying to get his attention to move the people from over our path THE WAY IT
SHOULD HAVE BEEN...we were just approaching this overpass when I heard a
shot." [emphasis added].85

Security Stripping #9
Buildings along the motorcade route not checked at all.

Lawson told both the Warren Commission and the House Assassinations
Committee that he could not recall giving instructions to watch building
windows, "although it was his usual practice to do so". Dallas Police Captain
Lawrence confirms that no instructions were given.86

Security Stripping #10
The most egregious lie, no active death threats against JFK to be found in the
PRS files of the Secret Service.

Boring was in charge of the advance for Chicago, Florida and Texas trip.
The Chicago trip planned for early November 1963 was canceled. There
were two separate threats against JFK's life involving arrests of several
suspects.
The Florida trip revealed a threat against JFK's life that was recorded
by a police informant.
Grant is there for all three trips.
Lawson's check with the Service's PRS for threats against JFK lands on
Boring's desk. Boring is directly involved in 2 of the 3 known checks with
the PRS section.
The first check was made on November 8, 1963. Boring replied, "there
wouldn't be any information available of any consequence". The second check
is done by Kellerman two days later on November 10th. The agent later
admitted that it was "unusual" not to have found anything in the PRS files. (2
H 107 - 108). A third check was done by Rufus Youngblood on the morning of
November 22, 1963, again nothing.
Yet, Lawson knows nothing of any threat to JFK [see addendum below].

Conclusion

The common links to security stripping? Boring, Lawson, and Grant.

ASAIC Floyd Boring can be tied directly to at least 10 instances of
stripping security away from JFK.
The advance team of Secret Service agents' Winston G. Lawson and David B.
Grant, who worked hand-in-glove with ASAIC Floyd Boring, were the in-the-field
architects for the planning and implementation of security concerns (read
stripping) in Dallas. In fact, although Grant physically joined Lawson on
11/18/63, fresh from his participation with Boring on the Florida trip (inc.
the controversial Tampa stop)87, he was actually working with Lawson and
Boring earlier: Lawson's Final Survey Report of 11/19/63, includes this
statement: "This survey was conducted by SA Winston Lawson and SAIC Forrest
Sorrels, and assisted by SA David Grant, from November 13 through November 22,
1963..."88
And, as we know, Lawson and Grant had a hand in the motorcycle depletion
and realignment, the overpass security, or lack of it, the press' and
photographers (dis)placement, and the planning of the motorcade route.89

Does Mr. Boring think there was a conspiracy in the death of JFK?
Of course not.

"Mr. Boring made clear during the [ARRB] interview that he felt Lee Harvey
Oswald had shot President Kennedy acting alone, and that there was no shot
from the grassy knoll."

"...I concur 100 % with the Warren Report."90

"...I would go with the Warren Commission's report."91

At least on THAT point, Mr. Boring is remarkably consistent.

Endnotes

1.) 18 H 803-809; "The Death of a President" by William Manchester (Perennial, 1988 edition), p. 37

2.) See also "The Third Alternative-Survivor's Guilt: The Secret Service & The JFK Murder" by Vince Palamara (1993/1997, Lancer), pp. 77-80. This article / chapter has since been expanded upon: see the "1999 update" at "The Vince Palamara Webpages":
http://www.njmetronet.com/palamara/

3.) See pages xvii and 138 of ARRB's Final Report

4.) 1998 edition of "High Treason" by Harrison Edward Livingstone & Robert Groden, pp. 432-433. The ARRB's interview of Floyd Boring is in the ARRB medical documents and depositions released in July of 1998. It is MD 259

5.) DNC advance man Marty Underwood, interviewed by the author on 10/9/92, and author William Manchester: see the ARRB's Final Report, pp. 112, 117,and 135 http://www.fas.org/sgp/advisory/arrb98/index.html

6.) 18 H 806

7.) see also pp. 66-67 of Boring's Truman Library Oral History. Readers will recall from my May 1995 article "Boring Is Interesting" that Gerald Posner contacted Boring during the writing of "Case Closed", although this was not revealed in any way in the book (Boring told me that he merely relayed him on to Hamilton Brown, the Executive secretary of the Former Agents' Assoc.---this is duly noted on p. 503. For more on this matter, see the author's article in the April 1998 issue of "JFK/ Deep Politics Quarterly. http://www.njmetronet.com/palamara/posner.html"

8.) Although he did speak to Chief U.E. Baughman for "Secret Service Chief"(1962/1963, pp. 68-69), and David McCullough for "Truman" (1992, pp. 364, 385, 434-435, 802, 808-810, and 908) regarding Pres. Truman. Other than to the JFK Library (2/25/76 [released 1/98], the Truman Library (9/21/88), the Discovery Channel program "Inside The Secret Service" (1995), PBS' "Truman", and this author, no one else has ever interviewed Boring before (and only the JFK Library, myself, and the ARRB went into any detail regarding the JFK admin. and the). Despite Manchester's QUOTE attributed to Boring on p. 37 of his book (see above), Boring confirmed to me twice that he NEVER spoke to Manchester.

9.) Boring said basically the same thing in both his presidential Oral Histories cited above.

10.) see also 4 H 336, 337, & 342

11.) see Manchester, p. 389

12.) CD 80; RIF# 180-10001-10041

13.) "The Day Kennedy Was Shot" by Jim Bishop (Perennial 1992 edition), pp. 511-512; Manchester, 1988 edition, p. 390

14.) Sam Kinney found a piece of skull in the rear of the presidential limousine while still on board the C-130 on the flight back to AAFB: see "The Third Alternative-Survivor's Guilt: The Secret Service and the JFK Murder"

15.) Paterni was also a former member of the O.S.S., the predecessor of the CIA, and was involved in other matters related to 11/22/63: see the author's article "The Secret Service: In Their Own Words", Spring 1998 "Kennedy Assassination Chronicles" journal (also available at "Vince Palamara's Secret Service & General Research Files":
gopher://freenet.akron.oh.us:70/11/SIGS/JFK/Only/VP

16.) see footnote 12: Washington Field Office SAIC Harry Geglein did write a report about the limo inspection, mentioning Boring, Paterni, and Kinney, among others.

17.) 2 H 90 (Kellerman); 5 H 67(Frazier); 7 HSCA 389; the two bullet fragments retrieved from the front seat of the limousine and turned over to FBI SA Frazier by Paterni & Boring were designated CE567 & CE 569

18.) RIF#180-10074-10393: 2/22/78 HSCA interview of Marshall

19.) RIF#10078-10450: 3/25/78 HSCA interview of Aragon

20.) RIF#180-10109-10310

21.) 18 H 761-765 (Hickey); see also 18 H 722-802 and 25 H 786-788: these are
all the Secret Service reports submitted to the WC

22.) see footnotes 12 & 16

23.) The "Tampa Tribune", 11/19/63 (downtown area picture w/ agents Lawton & Zboril holding onto the rear handrails); Cecil Stoughton photo, taken from the follow-up car, 11/18/63 (suburban area picture depicting same); short clip in David Wolper's 1964 film "Four Days In November" depicting the start of the Tampa trip: agent Zboril is running on the left-rear end of the limo, holding onto the handrail, while agent Berger is riding on the opposite side; agent Lawton is seen running along Berger's side; B & W photos discovered by Ian Griggs and Frank Debenedictus.

24.) interview with author 9/27/92

25.) interviews with author 5/30/96;6/7/96;11/24/97-letter

26.) letter to author 9/10/93

27.) interviews with author 10/19/92, 3/5/94 and 4/15/94

28.) interviews with author 9/27/92;9/21/93;6/7/96

29.) interview with author 11/15/95; 11/22/97-letter

30.) interview with author 9/27/92

31.) interviews with author 10/22/92 and 2/8/94

32.) interviews with author 9/16/93 and 4/10/94; 9/10/93, 10/30/93, 12/13/93,
12/31/93, 8/94, and 1/97: letters and correspondence

33.) interview with author 3/4/94

34.) interviews with author 9/21/93 and 6/7/96; However, in his 11/23/97 letter to the author, he stated: "I have heard RUMORS as to his Dallas trip in which he declined to use his armored car and/ or agents on the car's rear platform (emphasis added)."

35.) 12/2/95 and 11/20/97 letters to author; rode close to Kennedy's car from July 1963 until November 22, 1963, authorized by a specific request from MRS. Kennedy [The Memories, 1961-1963, by Cecil Stoughton w/ Ted Clifton and Hugh Sidey (1973), p. 160; see also Stoughton's motorcade films of the trip to Italy (July 1963), as well as his still photos taken from the follow-up car in Tampa, FL (11/18/63) and in Houston, TX (11/21/63) via the JFK Library
[unpublished; in author's collection]

36.) interview with author 10/9/92

37.) author's correspondence with Roger Peterson, 2/99 (based off Peterson's
very recent conversations with Salinger).

38.) letter to author dated 12/8/97

39.) letter to author dated 12/2/97

40.) interview with author 11/18/95; letter to author dated 11/28/97

41.) 5 H 470

42.) Bishop, 1992 edition, p. 558

43.) "Taking Charge: The Johnson White House Tapes, 1963-1964" by Michael Beschloss, editor, (Simon & Schuster), pp. 56-57

44.) 18 H 803-809

45.) 2 H 61-155

46.) Borings' report 18H p.806

47.) Robert's report 18H p.807.

48.) Ready's report 18H p. 808

49.) Behn's report 18H p.804-805 [RIF # 180-10074-10393]

50.) Hill's report 18 H p. 809 see above; why Hill's report is undated remains unknown

51.) 18 H 789 Grant does not mention the reduction of the motorcycles in discussing the November 21, 1963 meeting;"JFK Assassination File" by DPD Chief Jesse Curry (1969), pp.15-16. Curry does and records Grant's presence.

52.) 7 H 580-581

53.) 7 H 580-581

54.) 21 H 571

55.) Lawrence Exhibit #2 20H p. 489 (same as the HSCA's JFK Exhibit F-679)

56.) See also "No More Silence" by Larry Sneed (1998), p. 162 (based on interview with McLain)

57.) 3 H 244; 10/98 letter to the author; "No More Silence" by Larry Sneed (1998), p. 123 (based off interview with Baker); 11 HSCA 528

58. 3H244

59) 6 H 293; "Murder From Within" by Fred Newcomb & Perry Adams (1974), p.33 (based on interview with Martin); 11 HSCA 528

60.) From Martin's alleged paramour, Jean Hill: "JFK: The Last Dissenting Witness" (1992), pp. 112-114 Hill, quoting Martin.

61.) Baker - 11 HSCA 528, 536-537, regarding Baker's 1/17/78 interview with the staff of the HSCA (JFK document No. 014899)
Martin - 11 HSCA 528, 536, regarding Martin's 1/17/78 interview with the
HSCA staff, done on the same day as Baker's, above (JFK document no. 014372)

62. 4 H 171

63) 4 H 338

64.) 11 HSCA 527 & 529

65.) 20 H 453, 463-465; see also Curry, p. 9

66.) 6 H 163

67.) "The Memories, 1961-1963" by Cecil Stoughton w/ Ted Clifton and Hugh Sidey (1973), p. 160; see also Stoughton's motorcade films of the trip to Italy (7/63), as well as his still photos from the follow-up car in Tampa, FL (11/18/63) and in Houston, TX (11/21/63) via the JFK Library (shown by the author at COPA 1996)

68.) letter to the author dated 10/14/98

69.) letters to author dated 11/30/95 & 11/20/97

70.) 20 H 391; see also 4 H 171-172 (Curry); 11 HSCA 530; RIF#154-10003-10012: SS survey report, Chicago, IL, 3/23/63

71.) 9/3/98 e-mail to the author

72.) Roger C. Warner's report 25H 786-7 CE 2554

73.) 11 HSCA 530

74.) 17 H 618, 625; 4 H 322

75.) CFTR radio (Canada) interview 1976

76.) 5/11/78 interview with the HSCA's Mark Flanagan (RIF#180-10078-10465 [see also 7 HSCA 14])

77.) 1/31/78 HSCA interview of Secret Service agent Winston Lawson (RIF#18010074-10396)

78.) letter to author from George Whitmeyer, Jr. dated 9/28/98

79.) 4 H 169

80.) CD 5, p. 4

81.) WC document---Griffin to Rankin re: Dallas PD (This is also HSCA RIF# 180-10109-10411

82.) "Fairfield (TX) Recorder", 11/17/88: based on interview with Bellah [provided to the author by Bellah]

83.) "NY Herald Tribune", 11/29/63

84.) author's interviews with Behn, 9/27/92

85.) 4 H 351; see also 4 H 327 and 21 H 564

86.) HSCA Vol. 2 p. 526
87.) 18 H 789; "Inside The Secret Service" video 1995 (Lawson)
88.) 17 H 601
89.) "Mortal Error" by Bonar Menninger, 1992, page 233

90.) Boring's JFK Library Oral History, 2/25/76, RELEASED JAN. 1998

91.) "Mortal Error" by Bonar Menninger, 1992, page 233

ADDENDUM: REGARDING PRIOR THREATS TO JFK'S LIFE---

HSCA document180- 10074-10394, an interview with agent Robert J. Jamison states that "the threat of November 18, 1963 was posed by a mobile, unidentified rifleman with a
high- powered rifle fitted with a scope."

In addition, HSCA document
180-10083-10419, an interview with Lubert F. deFreese, states that "a threat did surface in connection with the Miami trip...there was an active threat against the President of which the Secret Service was aware in November 1963 in the period immediately prior to JFK's trip to Miami made by a "group of people"

In addition to this threat information, and separate from the Joseph Milteer threat of 11/9/63, a CO2
PRS file, released to the HSCA on 5/3/78 and available to all of us only now is the specific name of another individual who made a threat against JFK on 11/18/63: John Warrington (Sam Kinney also told the author of an unspecified "organized crime" threat pertaining to this same trip).

And, as we know, Agent Lawson confirmed that a big, fat ZERO came out of the Dallas check of potential threats to President Kennedy. This is simply impossible, as the rabid right-wing environment, the "Wanted for Treason" mug shots, and the October 24, 1963 attack on U.N. Ambassador Adlai Stevenson make abundantly clear by themselves. When we also couple the
11/2/63 Chicago threats and the 1/9-11/18/63 Miami threats known to the Secret Service before Dallas, we have to ask ourselves: was PRS SA Glen Bennett riding in the follow-up car on 11/22/63 actively searching for these known threats?***

***
ANATOMY OF A THREAT

http://www.mindcushion.com/jfk/anatomythreat.html

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